diff --git a/artisan b/artisan
index f3099778..df630d0d 100755
--- a/artisan
+++ b/artisan
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ $app = require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/app.php';
 |
 */
 
-$kernel = $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel');
+$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class);
 
 $status = $kernel->handle(
     $input = new Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput,
diff --git a/bootstrap/app.php b/bootstrap/app.php
index 22712ffe..f2801adf 100644
--- a/bootstrap/app.php
+++ b/bootstrap/app.php
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ $app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
 */
 
 $app->singleton(
-    'Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel',
-    'App\Http\Kernel'
+    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
+    App\Http\Kernel::class
 );
 
 $app->singleton(
-    'Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel',
-    'App\Console\Kernel'
+    Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
+    App\Console\Kernel::class
 );
 
 $app->singleton(
-    'Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler',
-    'App\Exceptions\Handler'
+    Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
+    App\Exceptions\Handler::class
 );
 
 /*
diff --git a/database/factories/ModelFactory.php b/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
index ec573582..ae7165b8 100644
--- a/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 |
 */
 
-$factory->define('App\User', function ($faker) {
+$factory->define(App\User::class, function ($faker) {
     return [
         'name' => $faker->name,
         'email' => $faker->email,
diff --git a/public/index.php b/public/index.php
index 0dc49c12..c5820533 100644
--- a/public/index.php
+++ b/public/index.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ $app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 |
 */
 
-$kernel = $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel');
+$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
 
 $response = $kernel->handle(
     $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
diff --git a/tests/TestCase.php b/tests/TestCase.php
index 824705d0..8578b17e 100644
--- a/tests/TestCase.php
+++ b/tests/TestCase.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase
     {
         $app = require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 
-        $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel')->bootstrap();
+        $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
 
         return $app;
     }